In this work, nanostructured Mn3O4 thin films at different of thickness (200, 250, 300, 350) nm were deposited on substrate made from glass by chemical spray pyrolysis technique with substrate temperature at 400 °C. However, during this process, The structural and optical properties of these films have been investigated using XRD, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) results showed that all films are polycrystalline in nature with tetragonal structure and preferred orientation along (211) plane. The crystallite size is determined by Scherer's formula and W-H analyses and it is found that it decreases as the thickness increasing. The optical energy gap for allowed direct electronic transition was calculated using Tauc equation. It was found that the band gap decreases when the thickness increasing. The variables of the optical properties containing (coefficient of absorption, parts of real and imaginary for dielectric constant) and estimated as a function of the photon energy. Coefficient extinction of thin film was valued as a wavelength function.

In this work, tin oxide thin films were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method and depositing on silicon substrates by spin coating technique at room temperature with thickness of about 325±5 nm. The structural, surface morphological, optical and gas sensor properties have been investigated. The XRD results showed that SnO2 films are polycrystalline in nature with tetragonal. The FESEM images of SnO2 clearly indicate that the oxide possesses has like cauliflower like shapes. The optical properties show that the optical energy gap follows allowed direct electronic transition calculated using Tauc's equation. The H2S toxic gas sensing properties of SnO2 thin film are examined as a function of time and operating temperature. High sensitivity (197%) was attained at operating temperature of 200 °C with fast response and recovery times.

In recent years, it has been argued and shown experimentally that ion channel noise in neurons can cause fundamental effects on the neuron's dynamical behavior. Most profoundly, ion channel noise was seen to be able to cause spontaneous firing and stochastic resonance. However, Hodgkin-Huxley model affected when inserting some colored noise terms inside the conductance's, where those effects captured by colored noise due to the gate multiplicity. This paper presents a new ion channel model under time varying periodic input currents. It firstly introduced the effect of without, with (colored noise), on the proposed model and the comparison of ion channel based on HH, Fox-Lu, and Linaro models. Additionally, in order to overcome the limitations of other parameter estimation methods, the proposed method fully constraints their models and obtains all models capabilities of reproducing the data. Finally, the …