جامعة بلاد الرافدين - Bilad Alrafidain University

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م.د صبا اسماعيل جواد مغير (4 بحث)

Shear strength and chemical properties of soft clayey soil treated with magnetized water
	2023	Magazine of Civil Engineering
Design criteria of any type of foundation are mainly depending on the shear strength of the soil founded on/in it. In this research, investigation of the effect of magnetized water (MW) on shear strength and chemical properties of soft clayey soil was investigated. The shear strength of soft soil before and after treatment by MW was measured by an unconfined compressive strength test (UCST) and vane shear test (VST). Tap water used to treat the soft soil was modified by different magnetic field intensities (2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Gauss). Two-time intervals were used to conduct the shear strength tests for all intensities: first, after 7 days of treatment of the soil by MW, and second after 14 days. The circulating of MW through soft clayey soil samples for 7 days shows increasing the unconfined shear strength by 17, 39, 42, and 45% for soil treated with MW of intensity 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 G, respectively compared to the reference soil sample treated under the same conditions with tap water (TW). Increasing the duration of treatment up to 14 days showed increasing in the UCS of soft soil by 35, 49, 92, and 120% for soil treated with MW of intensity 2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 G, respectively. On the other hand, the shear strength (Suv) measured by the vane shear device increased with increasing the intensity of the magnetic field for the same duration of treatment. The magnetized water technique can be considered as a promising and sustainable technology to be employed in geotechnical engineering to improving the geotechnical properties of soil.
Production thematic maps of bearing capacity of shallow foundation for Al-Basrah soil using standard penetration data and GIS
	2023	Journal of Rehabilitation in Civil Engineering
The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the modern database software which is used to collect, analyze, display, processing and produce geographic information maps for a specific objective. In addition, a statistical analysis can be generated within GIS on specific data to produce quantitative results. In this study, the GIS utilized to produce thematic maps showing the variation of bearing capacity of shallow foundation in Al-Basrah province soil. All the features mentioned above illustrate the importance of GIS exploring more valuable results such as the bearing capacity of shallow foundation from the results of standard penetration tests (SPT) conducted in Al-Basrah province soil. The total number of boreholes drilled was 135 distributed irregularly in the study area. In each borehole, three SPTs were performed at depths of 1.5, 6, and 9.5 m measured from the existing ground level (EGL). The results of the study can be summarized by the production of thematic maps showing the variation of the bearing capacity of the soil over the whole area of Al-Basrah city correlated with several depths. These maps can be used by different local authorities to predict soil bearing capacity and choose a suitable type of foundation. In addition, it can be utilized to assess the foundations of existing and irregularly constructed buildings and to assess the extent of the risks of failure and collapse.
Alteration of physicochemical properties of tap water passing through different intensities of magnetic field
	2023	Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials
This study reports the effect of the magnetization process on the chemical and electrical properties of tap water (TW). Also, a step in the direction of gaining a better understanding of the influence of magnetizing technique on the physicochemical properties of water exposed to several intensities of magnetic field (MF). The TW sample used in this study passed through four intensities of the MF (2,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 G) under the same conditions of temperature and pressure. Magnetized water was tested and evaluated for physical and chemical qualities after being cycled through a magnetization device for 6 h. Following the increase in the intensities of the MF, the alteration in water properties has been depicted. The results showed increase in the pH value, electrical conductivity, and some of the chemical properties. The optimum change in the properties of water were obtained when the intensity …

م.م محمد جلال عبدالله (8 بحث)

Flexural Behavior and Failure Modes of Pultruded GFRP Tube Concrete-Filled Composite Beams: A Review of Experimental and Numerical Studies
	2024	Buildings
Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) materials are increasingly recognized in civil engineering for their exceptional properties, including a high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and ease of fabrication, making them ideal for composite structural applications. The use of concrete infill enhances the structural integrity of thin-walled GFRP sections and compensates for the low elastic modulus of hollow profiles. Despite the widespread adoption of concrete-filled pultruded GFRP tubes in composite beams, critical gaps remain in understanding their flexural behavior and failure mechanisms, particularly concerning design optimization and manufacturing strategies to mitigate failure modes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of experimental and numerical studies that investigate the impact of key parameters, such as concrete infill types, reinforcement strategies, bonding levels, and GFRP tube geometries, on the flexural performance and failure behavior of concrete-filled pultruded GFRP tubular members in composite beam applications. The analysis includes full-scale GFRP beam studies, offering a thorough comparison of documented flexural responses, failure modes, and structural performance outcomes. The findings are synthesized to highlight current trends, identify research gaps, and propose strategies to advance the understanding and application of these composite systems. The paper concludes with actionable recommendations for future research, emphasizing the development of innovative material combinations, optimization of structural designs, and refinement of numerical modeling techniques.
The effect of continuous rectangular spiral shear reinforcement on the dynamic behavior of RC solid slab subjected to low-velocity impact loading
	2024	Results in Engineering
This study investigates the effect of continuous rectangular spiral shear reinforcement on reinforced concrete slabs under low-velocity conditions, crucial for scenarios such as landslides or vehicular collisions. By combining experimental and finite element analyses using ABAQUS, this research assesses the effectiveness of this reinforcement method. The experimental setup involves subjecting slabs to impact loading with consistent energy levels using a drop weight system. Various parameters, including acceleration time, strain-time in steel and concrete, and failure mode, are carefully monitored throughout the study. Results demonstrate a notable 216.13% improvement in energy absorption and a 43.70% increase in impact ductility compared to control specimens, reflecting higher rigidity and stiffness in spiral-reinforced specimens, as evidenced by elevated maximum acceleration values. Specimens with continuously rectangular spirals exhibit less severe surface damage upon complete failure, emphasizing their enhanced impact resistance. Diagonally arranged spiral reinforcements notably reduce damage, displacement, and stress. These findings highlight the significant potential of continuously rectangular spirals in improving the low-velocity behavior of reinforced concrete slabs, offering valuable insights for structural design and reinforcing systems. Additionally, using ABAQUS finite element analysis validates experimental findings, providing efficient insights into structural behavior under dynamic conditions.
The Mechanical Performance of Polymer Concrete Incorporating Waste Tin Fibres
	2023	PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. It is now possible to construct structures out of concrete because this durable compound that consists of water, aggregate, and Portland cement not only gives us many scopes of design but also has a very high compressive strength at a low cost. This paper deals with alternative materials for the most common construction material, cement-based concrete and polymer concrete (PC), containing waste tin fibres. The study covers the fabrication of polymer concrete and the execution of three tests: compressive strength, flexural tensile, and splitting tensile. Tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the PC, and the results were analysed and evaluated on several PC specimens with different ratios of waste tin fibre. The results showed that using waste tin as fibre reinforcement in PC would substantially enhance the overall mechanical performance. Specifically, the optimum amount of waste tin as reinforcement in PC was 0.16% for compressive and splitting tensile strengths, while 0.20% was the optimum fibre loading for the flexural tensile strength. In this case, a positive outcome was found at a constant resin-to-filler ratio of 40:60 by volume and a matrix-to-aggregate ratio of 1:1.35 by weight.

أ.م.د غسان خلف خالد (1 بحث)

Inundation Map Development by Using HEC-RAS Hydraulic Simulation Modeling From Roseires to Khartoum Cities
	2014	Sudan
Inundation flooding

م.م تقى عماد مهدي (1 بحث)

Piles Group Behavior Under Eccentric One-Way Lateral Cyclic Load in Sandy Soil
	2024	AIP Publishing
"In fact, piles foundations are usually used to support offshore and inshore huge structures that often subjected to cyclic load from any load condition and sometimes produce a torque caused by eccentric transitions of load. Therefore, to find out how pile group would behave under eccentric one-way cyclic loading with static axial load, a model test of 2×2 was carried out in sandy soil. The pile group consisted of aluminum piles and were set up in a sandy soil with a three-pile spacing of (i.e., 3D, 5D and 7D). The cyclic load is applied with three eccentric distances, at center of piles group, at 0.25S, and 0.5S. It can be concluded that, when the distance of eccentricity increases the lateral displacement increase and reached to 54%. The results also show that the increase in piles group spacing can reduce the lateral displacement up to 26%. As well as, the twist angle increases and reach to about 17ᵒ with increasing the eccentricity and reduce pile cap spacing."

م.م فاطمه محمد حسن (1 بحث)

Effect of Machine Foundation Stresses on Gravity Retaining Wall Using FEM
	2023	روسيا
"Abstract. The dynamic reaction of the natural type of retaining wall is quite complex. Wall development and pressure rely upon the reaction of the soil underneath a retaining wall and the reaction of the backfill. The greater part of the present knowledge of the dynamic reaction of the wall has originated from the model test and numerical analysis. This paper aims to know the behavior of the retaining wall and the backfill. Also, under the effect of machine foundation, numerical modeling is used concerning a method of finite element. Two amplitudes of machine foundation subjected to three frequencies were used. The model used in the finite element was the linear elastic model (LE) for foundation and the Mohr-Coulomb model (MC) for soil. The results of this analysis for the amplitude of 25 kPa, the lateral displacement was 75% more than the active for the case of the amplitude of 40 kPa, the lateral displacement was 125% more than the active, and for the case of the velocity of 30 mm/sec very far higher than the maximum permissible velocity is 2.5 mm/sec and the acceleration was decreased by 52% between machine foundation and retaining wall. "

م.م نوره جار الله حسب موسى (2 بحث)

Dynamic Behavior of Sheet Pile in sand under the Influence of Vibration
	2023	Dayala Journal of Engineering Sciences
"This article includes an experimental investigation into the behavior of a vibratory forceexposed sheet pile set in sand. The study goal is to provide a parametric study. Regarding how vibrations affect the sheet pile's movement and rotation after layering the soil in a steel container with internal dimensions of 900 mm length, 400 mm wide and 400 mm high, a steel sheet pile with the dimensions of 350 mm length, 20 mm width and 0.5 mm thickness was inserted into the soil. The results showed that the speed, acceleration, and displacement increased with increasing the frequency of the vibration source when the source of vibration was situated at a distance of (D distance = H height of the sheet pile) and exposed to varied frequencies (5, 10, 15) Hz. As frequency is a type of energy, increased frequency will thus eventually cause more disturbance. The disturbance and its consequences on the soil will eventually increase as the frequency rises"
Behavior of Sheet Pile in sand under the Influence of Vibration
	2023	Dayala Journal of Engineering
" This article includes an experimental investigation into the behavior of a vibratory forceexposed sheet pile set in sand. The study goal is to provide a parametric study. Regarding how vibrations affect the sheet pile's movement and rotation after layering the soil in a steel container with internal dimensions of 900 mm length, 400 mm wide and 400 mm high, a steel sheet pile with the dimensions of 350 mm length, 20 mm width and 0.5 mm thickness was inserted into the soil. The results showed that the speed, acceleration, and displacement increased with increasing the frequency of the vibration source when the source of vibration was situated at a distance of (D distance = H height of the sheet pile) and exposed to varied frequencies (5, 10, 15) Hz. As frequency is a type of energy, increased frequency will thus eventually cause more disturbance. The disturbance and its consequences on the soil will eventually increase as the frequency rises."

م.م سجى علي عبد جاسم (1 بحث)

Predicting Biochemical Oxygen Demand at the Inlet of Al-Rustumiya Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Different Mathematical Techniques
	2024	مجله كليه الهندسه جامعه بغداد
Water quality planning relies on Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOD. BOD testing takes five days. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is increasingly used for water resource forecasting. This work designed a PSO technique for estimating everyday BOD at Al-Rustumiya wastewater treatment facility inlet. Al-Rustumiya wastewater treatment plant provided 702 plant-scale data sets during 2012-2022. The PSO model uses the daily data of the water quality parameters, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride (Cl-), suspended solid (SS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and pH, to determine how each variable affects the daily incoming BOD. PSO and multiple linear regression (MLR) findings are compared, and their performance is evaluated using mean square error, relative absolute mistake, and coefficient of determination. PSO utilised COD, TDS, SS, pH, and Cl- as inputs, generating a mean square error of 1029.10, an average absolute relative error of 9.41%, and a coefficient of determination of 0.89. Comparisons demonstrated that the PSO model could accurately calculate the daily BOD at Al-Rustumiya wastewater treatment plant's inlet.

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