جامعة بلاد الرافدين - Bilad Alrafidain University

Assist. Prof Dr. Muhanad Ali Hamdon Kashmola (35 Research)

Oral Cancer’s New Enemy: Goniothalamus umbrosus Targets Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Spare Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells
	2025	European Journal of Dentistry
Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the prevailing type of oral cancer, representing poor prognosis and elevated mortality rates. Major risk factors for OSCC include the use of tobacco products, alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, and genetic mutation. Goniothalamus umbrosus is traditionally consumed by cancer patients to fight against tumor growth. To date, research on the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in oral cancer remains deficient. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC-3) and compare its cytotoxic activity on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell lines. Material and Methods Leaves of G. umbrosus were cleaned, air dried, ground, and soaked for 24 hours with methanol and hexane repeatedly three times, respectively. Pooled extracts of each solvent were then dried with a rotary evaporator. Anticancer potential of G. umbrosus extracts was evaluated on two OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC- 3) and a normal HGF cell line incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin was assessed as a positive control. Morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope. Results MTT assay revealed that G. umbrosus methanol extract (GUME) displayed moderate anticancer activity on SCC-15, HSC-3, and HGF cell lines with IC50 values of 126.67, 90.5, and 87.33 μg/mL following 72 hours’ incubation times, respectively. G. umbrosus hexane extract (GUHE) exerted moderate anticancer activity against SCC-15 and HSC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 171 and 174 μg/mL, respectively, but weak cytotoxicity against the HGF cell line with IC50 value of 343.5 μg/mL. Cisplatin exerted a strong cytotoxic impact on both OSCC and HGF cell lines. Morphological observation revealed the characteristics of cells undergoing apoptosis
Effects of Fixed Orthodontic Appliance with Antihypertensive Drugs on the Body Weight of Experimental Rat
	2023	Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry,
Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the prevailing type of oral cancer, representing poor prognosis and elevated mortality rates. Major risk factors for OSCC include the use of tobacco products, alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, and genetic mutation. Goniothalamus umbrosus is traditionally consumed by cancer patients to fight against tumor growth. To date, research on the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in oral cancer remains deficient. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer potential of G. umbrosus in OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC-3) and compare its cytotoxic activity on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell lines. Material and Methods Leaves of G. umbrosus were cleaned, air dried, ground, and soaked for 24 hours with methanol and hexane repeatedly three times, respectively. Pooled extracts of each solvent were then dried with a rotary evaporator. Anticancer potential of G. umbrosus extracts was evaluated on two OSCC cell lines (SCC-15 and HSC- 3) and a normal HGF cell line incubated for 24, 48, and 72 hours by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin was assessed as a positive control. Morphological changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope. Results MTT assay revealed that G. umbrosus methanol extract (GUME) displayed moderate anticancer activity on SCC-15, HSC-3, and HGF cell lines with IC50 values of 126.67, 90.5, and 87.33 μg/mL following 72 hours’ incubation times, respectively. G. umbrosus hexane extract (GUHE) exerted moderate anticancer activity against SCC-15 and HSC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 171 and 174 μg/mL, respectively, but weak cytotoxicity against the HGF cell line with IC50 value of 343.5 μg/mL. Cisplatin exerted a strong cytotoxic impact on both OSCC and HGF cell lines. Morphological observation revealed the characteristics of cells undergoing apoptosis.
Amlodipine and Xerostomia in Elderly Patients
	2023	Journal of International Dental and Medical Research
Abstract Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension in the elderly is high and many of them are taking different types of antihypertensive medications including Amlodipine. Xerostomia and hyposalivation can have a detrimental effect on a patient’s quality of life leading to situations such as stress or anxiety. In this study, the relationship between Amlodipine as an antihypertensive drug and xerostomia in elderly patients was evaluated. 72 patients of both genders aged 65-75 taking amlodipine for the last 3 years were involved in the study. Those patients have shown xerostomia or hyposalivation in variable degrees. The percentage of xerostomia in the medicated hypertensive group of the present study was higher in males (22 %) than those in females (20 %) which was not significant (p = 0.705). However, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003) between amlodipine and xerostomia status was observed which was higher in males (34.7 %) than that in females (26.4%). This study assures that elderly patients taking Amlodipine are at high risk of having xerostomia and hyposalivation

Assist. Lec. Ghasaq Abdullah Mahmood Amin (2 Research)

Influence of high expansion dental stone and teeth on the adaptation of maxillary complete denture base
	2012	Scientific Journal Published by the College of Dentistry–University of Baghdad
ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this study was to verify the influence of high expansion dental stone and teeth on the adaptation of maxillary complete dentures. Materials and Methods: Maxillary complete dentures/bases were processed on type III dental stone and high expansion dental stone casts. The gap-space between the acrylic denture base and the cast in the posterior palatal seal area was measured by using dino-lite digital microscope. A comparison was made between G1 and G2, G3 and G4 to evaluate the influence of dental stone on the adaptation accuracy and another comparison between G1 and G3, G2 and G4 was made to evaluate the influence of teeth on the adaptation accuracy of maxillary complete denture. Results: Statistical analysis of the data revealed that the fitness of maxillary complete denture base was significantly improved in some points with high expansion dental stone compared to dental stone type III and the presence of teeth reduced the gap-space in the posterior palatal seal area when dentures with teeth were compared with denture bases without teeth (p<0.05). Conclusions: Using the high expansion dental stone and presence of teeth would influence the adaptation accuracy of denture base which in turn would improve the quality of the dentures. Key words: High expansion dental stone, Gap-space, Adaptation accuracy. (J Bagh Coll Dentistry 2012; 24(Sp. Issue 2):31-35).
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation the Dimensional Change of Lingual Foramen and Its Canal as Related to Gender and Age in Iraqi Population
	2023	HIV nursing
Background: Just above the mental spine on the back of the mandible's symphysis is a small midline aperture called the lingual foramen. Evaluation the anatomical variation of this foramen and its canal are crucial in the course of surgical and implant procedure. The aim of this study is to locate the lingual foramen and associated canal in the Iraqi population using cone-beam computed tomography and to estimate how gender and age affect these structures. Material and method: this cross-sectional study was conducted using 73 CBCT images from the radiology archive in specialties dental center in baquba-diyala. The length of lingual canal, diameters and its location according to alveolar crest, inferior border of mandible and buccal plat were assessed. These measurements were categorized by age and gender. Result: age between (20-40) years old had no effect on lingual foramen and its canal, while age over 40 years old had effect on lingual foramen and its canal with P value (0.008). There was no significant relationship between the lingual foramen and gender except the distance between terminal end of canal at lingual end and alveolar crest with a P value of (0.002) and the distance between the lingual canal's terminal end at buccal end and alveolar crest with P value (0.002) with mean value higher in male as compared to female.Conclusion: age had no effect on lingual foramen and its canal except age over 40 years old which had significant effect on the selected anatomical measurements of these structures, while gender had high effect on the distance between the alveolar crest and the lingual foramen at buccal and lingual end, as a result, gender must be taken into account when making implant in anterior mandible.

Assist. Lecturer Ali Abdulridha Mahdi Alsaffar (1 Research)

Assessment of Friction and Surface Roughness of a Novel Orthodontic Wire FlexyBlueTitanium. (An in vitro comparative study)
	2021	Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science
Introduction: Friction plays a role in reducing the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement, so it is necessary to understand the effect of friction and the amount of force needed to overcome its impact on biological tissue response and archwire- guided tooth movement. Aim: the purpose of this study is to compare between two different wires: NiTi, Blue NiTi and CuNiTi by measuring the sliding friction and surface roughness. Materials and Methods: specimens were divided into nine groups (six specimens each) the groups were classified according to the type of the wire and treatment condition (as received, thermocycling of 5000 cycle, distilled water aging for 1month). The groups were tested for sliding friction in dry condition. Surface roughness of five samples of each group was examined by means of atomic force microscope. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Post Hock Tukey’s test for parametric tests, and Kruskal-Wallis, pairwise comparison test for non-parametric tests. Results: showed statistical significant difference among archwires in condition of as received and thermal-cycling (NiTi had generates higher sliding friction compared with BlueNiTi and CuNiTi) with non-significant difference among the wires in distilled water condition. For aging conditions, there was statistically significant difference among conditions in both NiTi and CuNiTi wires (higher frictional resistance generated after thermal aging), while there was non-significant difference among conditions in case of BlueNiTi wire. Conclusion: it is recommended to use BlueNiTi archwires during the first stage of orthodontic treatment as it has the lowest change in friction behavior after aging.

Assist.Lec. Ali Hassan Mahmoud (1 Research)

Biosynthesis and characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles from Aqueous extract of Camellia sinensis and determine its antibacterial activity against multidrug resistance bacteria
	2021	Plant Archives
The current study involved collecting 225 samples of different age groups and from different clinical sources (burns and wounds). Selective and differential media, Microscopic Examination, Biochemical test, IMVIC tests, and Vitek 2 system were used to identify the bacterial species. The results showed that the bacterial isolates were distributed on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. All isolates were multidrug-resistant to 12 antibiotics from different classes and according to the susceptibility test, isolate distinction in 2 groups (75 %) of MDR isolates were resistant to (5-9) antibiotics, while (25 %) were susceptible. Zinc Oxide nanoparticles synthesized was done by a green method with Zinc acetate dehydrate as a precursor and aqueous extract of Camellia sinensisas a reducing agent, color-changing to pale-white was an indication of the formation of ZnONPs. The average size and shape of the nanoparticles were detected by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) which was 40 nm with a spherical shape. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed the ZnO NPs have spherical, radial, and cylindrical structures. The wavelength range was measured by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) for monitoring the formation of the nanoparticles, which showed a sharp peak at 325 nm. The average crystallite size of ZnONPs was estimated using Debye Scherrer’s formula were 20-40nm by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra have been used for ZnONPs to detect the functional groups found in the synthesis process via green tea extract. Keyword: ZnO NPs. Biosynthesis, Camellia sinensis, Green tea, Antibacterial activity Running title: Biosynthesis and characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles

Lecturer. Dr. Zeyad Tareq Abed (1 Research)

Effects of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation associated with Peri-implantitis
	2023	Dentistry 3000
BACKGROUND: One hundred and twenty specimens were collected from pa,ents with Peri-implan,,s in the period from August 2022 un,l September 2022 from Baquba specialized dental center, in the province of Diyala. The goal of this work was to es,mate the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus and their ability to produce biofilms associated with Peri-implan,,s. Also, we aimed to assess the an,-biofilm property of Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid on Staphylococcus aureus. The result showed growth of Staphylococcus aureus in twenty isolates (16.6%), and 95% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates had the ability to produce biofilms. The results indicate that the minimum inhibitory concentra,on (MIC) of Ciprofloxacin for Staphylococcus aureus was 32 to 512 μg/ml with the sub-MIC 16 to 256 μg/ml. The MIC for Amoxicillin/clavulanic was 8 to 512 μg/ml, and the sub-MIC 4 to 256) μg/ml. Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid had the ability to decrease biofilm forma,on and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was more effec,ve than Ciprofloxacin.

Lecture assist (3 Research)

Effect of Tantalum Oxide Nanopowder on Heat Cure Acrylic Resin Impact Strength and Surface Hardness
	30	جامعة ديالى
Effect of Tantalum Oxide Nanopowder on Heat Cure Acrylic Resin Impact Strength and Surface Hardness
	2023	جامعة ديالى
Effect of Tantalum Oxide Nanpowder on Heat Cure Acrylic Resin Thermal Conductivity and Surface Roughness
	2023	جامعة تكريت

Assist. Lecturer. Anaam Mahdi Hadi (1 Research)

Iron Overload Estimation by Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Beta Thalassemia Major Patients Undergoing Repeated Blood Transfusion
	2020	indiain journal of forensic medicine and toxicology
Abstract β-Thalassemia major patients require regular blood transfusion therapy lifelong this lead to iron overload in the body tissues, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Exfoliative cytology, a non-invasive and inexpensive technique based on microscopic evaluation of epithelial cells after a procedure of their fixation and staining. The aims and objectives of this study were: 1.To estimate iron overload by oral exfoliative cytology using Perl’s Prussian blue stain in β-thalassemia major patients. 2. To correlate perl’s Prussian blue staining positivity with their serum ferritin levels. Smears were obtained from buccal mucosa of 60 β-thalassemia major patients (who had taken ≥10 transfusions) and 30 healthy subjects of the same age group (5-26) year. Smears were stained with Perl’s Prussian blue stain kit. Blood samples were taken from the study and control group at the same time for estimation of serum ferritin levels. Grading criteria were deﬁned for assessing the Prussian blue positivity. Perl’s positivity was observed in 48 out of 60 of thalassemic patients (80%), with a positive correlation to serum ferritin levels. Perl’s Prussian blue staining of exfoliated cells from buccal mucosa can be used to assess iron overload in β-thalassemia major patients, as a screening tool.

Assistant Lecturer Thoulfokar Shokor mahmood (2 Research)

The Influence of the Hyaluronic Acid Gel on the Postoperative Sequelae following Surgical Removal of the Impacted Mandibular Third Molar in Comparison with the A-PRF: A Randomized Controlled Trial
	2023	International Journal of Biomaterials
One of the most common procedures in oral surgery is the removal of impacted mandibular third molars, often followed by pain, swelling, alveolitis, and trismus. Purpose. To compare the outcomes of the intrasocket application of 1% hyaluronic acid oral gel (HA) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) on the expected postoperative complications, pain, swelling, and trismus follow the surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar. Material and Methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Dental Teaching Hospital. Healthy patients who required surgical removal of the impacted mandibular third molar were divided randomly into three groups. The extraction site of the group (A) patients remained without the addition of any material, just suturing of the wound with simple interrupted sutures, while in group (B) patients, the extraction site was filled with 1 cc of 1% hyaluronic acid gel (periokin®), and in group C patients, the extraction site was filled with A-PRF. Results. Sixty-six eligible patients participated in this study; both hyaluronic acid gel 1% (periokin®) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin showed a significant reduction in pain, swelling, and trismus on the 1st, third, and seventh postoperative days when compared to the control group, while the comparison between HA and A-PRF showed no significant differences except for the pain on the third postoperative day. There was a significant pain decrease in the A-PRF group than HA group. Conclusion. Intrasocket application of 1% hyaluronic acid gel (periokin®) or advanced platelet-rich fibrin can be an effective primary way to significantly reduce postoperative pain, trismus, and edema compared to the control group following mandibular third molar surgery.
Can Hyaluronic acid gel enhance wound healing faster than Advanced Platelets Rich Fibrin following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars? A Randomized Controlled Trial
	2023	Basrah Journal of Surgery
Purpose: To assess the efficacy of advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) and 1% hyaluronic acid gel (HA ) as a regenerative biomaterial for wound healing after impacted third molar extractions. Materials and methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial carried out in the oral surgery unit of the dental teaching hospital. Furthermore, the participants were randomly assigned into three different groups. The patient's surgical site was left without adding any material in group A. While in group B (study group), the patient's surgical site was treated by applying a mixture of 1 cc HA gel with a one gel foam sponge. In group C (study group), the surgical site was treated by placing an A-PRF clot inside the surgical site. The first follow-up visit was 24 hours after the surgery to assess the soft tissue healing, with subsequent assessment visits on the third and seventh postoperative days. Results: Hyaluronic acid and A-PRF groups, when compared with the control group, showed significant improvement in early wound healing scores. However, the A-PRF group had a statistically significant improvement over the hyaluronic acid group only during the first and third postoperative days. Conclusion: Hyaluronic acid gel and A-PRF effectively enhanced early soft tissue healing following the surgical removal of the impacted lower third molar with the upper hand for the A-PRF in the 1st and the 3rd postoperative days disappears in the 7th day. Thus, the ease of availability of the Hyaluronic acid gel makes it an attractive alternative to the A-PRF.

Assist. Lec. Sally Talib Da'aj (4 Research)

The impact of an Oral Health Education (OHE) program by teachers and mothers on adolescents' oral health
	2018	Baghdad University
ABSRTACT Background: Adolescence is one of the most dynamic stages of human development. However, Oral health is an integral part of public health, significantly impacts on the quality of life. OHE program is an important issue that should be given to them. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral health outcomes on adolescents' oral health by teachers and mothers Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in seven schools of Diyala - Baquba city. This 14-weeks duration study assessed the effectiveness of school OHE program on oral hygiene status, gingival health, and halitosis assessment of 80, 12 year-old, both genders of school adolescents. From the selected schools, one group was supervised by the teachers and the other was supervised by the mothers. General and oral health assessments were evaluated using a questionnaire. A three days training workshop was organized for the teachers and mothers. Oral hygiene, gingival health, and halitosis assessment were assessed using plaque indices, gingival indices and halitosis scores respectively. the resulting data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Plaque, gingival and halitosis scores reductions were highly significant. Results recorded gingival index, and halitosis scores were lower among the teacher-led group compared to the mother-led group. Statistically, high significant differences were found (P< 0.01).But there is no significant differences were noticed between the groups for plaque index (p>0.05). Conclusions: The OHE program was effective in teacher-led group than mother-led group in improving oral hygiene status, gingival health and halitosis scores of adolescents. Keywords: adolescence, halitosis, mother-led, oral health education, oral hygiene status, teacher-led
Oral Health Education (OHE) Program on Adolescents before and after Teacher's Training in Diyala City: A Comparative Clinical Study
	2023	The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine
Abstract Background: Application and development of oral health education (OHE) program is critical to recognize and to improve the risk of oral and dental health factors among adolescents. Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the developments in the adolescents' oral health behavior and skills, in comparison with the pupils' situation before the teachers' training. Materials and Methods: Seven schools in the city of Diyala-Baquba participated in a randomized controlled experiment for this research. Eighty males and females aged 12 with good general health participated in this study over the course of 16weeks to evaluate the effects of a school-based OHE program on their oral hygiene, gum health, and halitosis. From the selected schools, one subjected to the intervention of OHE program and one of them was a control. A questionnaire was used to measure both general and oral health. In order to better prepare the teachers, a course lasting three days planned. To evaluate levels of oral hygiene, we used plaque indices, gingival indices, and halitosis scores to evaluate their breath. Results: Results showed that intervention school showed statistically significant improvements in student oral health indicators such plaque, gingivitis, and halitosis scores. Comparing teacher-led group to the controls and the baseline assessment, the former was found significantly lower scores for the plaque index, gingival index, and halitosis. There were significant differences discovered statistically (P< 0.01). Conclusions: School's children in the teacher-led OHE group showed significant improvements in their oral health, hygiene, gingival health, and oral malodor. Keywords Adolescents; Halitosis; Oral health education; Teacher-led
Effects of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation associated with Peri-implantitis
	2023	Dentistry 3000
Abstract One hundred and twenty specimens were collected from patients with Peri-implantitis in the period from August 2022 until September 2022 from Baquba specialized dental center, in the province of Diyala. The goal of this work was to estimate the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus and their ability to produce biofilms associated with Peri-implantitis. Also, we aimed to assess the anti-biofilm property of Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid on Staphylococcus aureus. The result showed growth of Staphylococcus aureus in twenty isolates (16.6%), and 95% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates had the ability to produce biofilms. The results indicate that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ciprofloxacin for Staphylococcus aureus was 32 to 512 μg/ml with the sub-MIC 16 to 256 μg/ml. The MIC for Amoxicillin/clavulanic was 8 to 512 μg/ml, and the sub-MIC 4 to 256) μg/ml. Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid had the ability to decrease biofilm formation and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was more effective than Ciprofloxacin

Assistsnt teacher ryaheen ghazi rashid (4 Research)

Effect of gender, age and tooth loss on the dimensions of incisive canal, and buccal bone anterior to the canal (Computed Tomography study)
	2015	J Bagh College Dentistry
Background: The incisive canal is an anatomical structure with an important location in the anterior maxilla, analyzing this canal and its relation to the bone anterior to the canal is necessary during dental implant. Aim of this study is evaluated effect of gender, age and tooth loss in area of maxillary central incisors teeth on the dimensions of incisive canal and buccal bone anterior to the canal using spiral computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Sample consists of prospective study for 156 subjects for both gender, they divided into two groups, 120 dentate group (60 male and 60 female) with age ranging from (20-70) and 36 edentate group (with missing maxillary central incisors) (18 male and 18 female) with age ranging from (50-70). All subjects attended to Baquba teaching general hospital in Diyala for computed tomography scan investigation for different diagnostic purposes. The following were measured and recorded from sagittal section of CT for analysis 1-diameter and length of incisive canal.2- distance and length of buccal bone anterior to canal. Result: Gender had effect on the dimensions of incisive canal and buccal bones anterior to this canal, the mean values begin higher in male as compared to female. Dental status had effect on incisive canal length and buccal bone dimensions, mean values is higher in dentate than in edentate group, canal diameter remain unchanged with dental status. Age had no effect on all selected measurements in study sample. Duration of maxillary central incisors teeth loss had effect on canal length and buccal bone dimensions mean values begin lower in long duration than that in short duration while it had weak effect on incisive canal diameter. Conclusion: Gender and dental status are important factors that can affect incisive canal and amount of bone anterior to canal
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation the Dimensional Change of Lingual Foramen and Its Canal as Related to Gender and Age in Iraqi Population
	2023	HIV nursing journal
Background: Just above the mental spine on the back of the mandible's symphysis is a small midline aperture called the lingual foramen. Evaluation the anatomical variation of this foramen and its canal are crucial in the course of surgical and implant procedure. The aim of this study is to locate the lingual foramen and associated canal in the Iraqi population using cone-beam computed tomography and to estimate how gender and age affect these structures. Material and method: this cross sectional study was conducted using 73 CBCT images from the radiology archive in specialties dental center in baquba-diyala. The length of lingual canal, diameters and its location according to alveolar crest, inferior border of mandible and buccal plat were assessed. These measurements were categorized by age and gender. Result: age between (20-40) years old had no effect on lingual foramen and its canal, while age over 40 years old had effect on lingual foramen and its canal with P value (0.008). There was no significant relationship between the lingual foramen and gender except the distance between terminal end of canal at lingual end and alveolar crest with a P value of (0.002) and the distance between the lingual canal's terminal end at buccal end and alveolar crest with P value (0.002) with mean value higher in male as compared to female. Conclusion: age had no effect on lingual foramen and its canal except age over 40 years old which had significant effect on the selected anatomical measurements of these structures, while gender had high effect on the distance between the alveolar crest and the lingual foramen at buccal and lingual end, as a result, gender must be taken into account when making implant in anterior mandible. Keywords: lingual foramen; lingual canal; computed tomography
Cone Beam CT to Map Mandibular Foramen Variations for Improving Dental and Surgical Accuracy
	2024	journal of angiotherapy
Background: The mandibular foramen (MF) is a key anatomical feature of the mandible, critical for dental and surgical procedures due to its role in housing the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein. Accurate localization of the MF is challenging, often necessitating the use of anatomical landmarks during procedures to prevent complications, such as nerve damage. Methods: This study analyzed the position of the MF using panoramic images reconstructed from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The sample included 56 dentate patients, comprising 22 males and 34 females aged 20-55 years. Linear measurements from the MF to various anatomical landmarks were taken, and statistical analysis was conducted using the T-test and ANOVA to assess the impact of gender, age, and side of the mandible on MF positioning. Results: The study found no significant gender differences in the distances from the MF to the mandibular notch (N-MF), the anterior border of the ramus (A-MF), and the inferior border of the mandible (I-MF). However, significant gender differences were observed in the distance from the MF to the posterior border of the ramus (P-MF). Age also significantly affected the P-MF distance, while side comparisons showed no significant differences in MF positioning between the right and left mandibles. Conclusion: The findings indicate that while most MF measurements are consistent across genders and ages, the P-MF distance varies significantly, necessitating personalized approaches in dental and surgical procedures to ensure precision and minimize complications. These insights into MF positioning enhance the effectiveness of clinical practices involving the mandibular foramen. Keywords: Mandibular foramen, Inferior alveolar nerve block, CBCT imaging, Anatomical landmarks, Gender and age differences.

Assist. Prof. M.S.c. Enas Shihab Ahmed (2 Research)

Acrylic Resin Denture Base Material Enhancement by Fiber, Filler, and Nano Filler Addition: A Systematic Review
	2024	Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences
Abstract Background: In the current study, two wt. concentrations of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) Nano powder (1% and 1.5% wt.) were added. An evaluation was conducted on some properties of heat-cured Acrylic Resin. Aim: to investigate how introducing SrTiO3 (NPs) Nanoparticles in amounts of 1% weight and 1.5% weight impacted some of the mechanical and physical properties of heat-cured denture base material and describe the results of adding (Strontium Titanate Nanoparticles) to Heat Cure Acrylic Denture Base Material. Materials and methods: An Electronic Systematic Review was conducted in different databases: (Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar searches) were consulted on this topic, as well as on a hand search of the scientific literature. Published writings from 2015 to 2022 were obtained, examined, and relevant articles were chosen for this review. The online databases were used to perform a literature search for publications published until 2022, without any date or language restrictions. The overview highlights the most significant developments in this field, demonstrating how resin technology developed in many ways. Results: Acrylic Resins' Mechanical and Biological Qualities have been enhanced through the surface modification of poly (methyl methacrylate), the addition of Natural or Mineral Fibers, Fillers, including Nano fillers, and/or Fillers. The post-polymerizations activity decreased the quantity of leftover monomer. New Varieties of Acrylic resins were created for the processing of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing systems and threedimensional printing. The findings suggest that current knowledge is to use acrylic resin in different cases of dentistry with SrTiO3 NPs and acrylic resin. that consider the most esthetic material and more comfortable, good Strength and Resistance to Wear. Conclusions: that addition of SrTiO3 Nanoparticles into denture base acrylic material improves transverse Strength, Surface Hardness Values, and Glass Transition Temperature, with a Negligible decrease in Surface Roughness.
Evaluate the Effect of Adding Strontium Titanate Nano Particles on Thermal Conductivity and Tensile Strength of Heat Cured Denture Base Material
	2023	Journal of Chemical Health Risks
ABSTRACT: Consider a new revolution in dental prostheses termed Nano dentistry as a result of the phenomenal expansion of nanotechnology. With the addition of certain nano components, chemical polymeric structures have been modified in order to improve mechanical quality. Different concentrations of strontium titanate (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 weight percent) were added to heat-cured acrylic resin to assess its thermal conductivity and tensile strength. 100 samples of acrylic resin that has been heat-cured. The specimens were divided into two groups of fifty each using the tensile strength and thermo conductivity tests. ten samples of heat-sensitive acrylic resin (control group) without any additions, and ten samples of heat-sensitive acrylic resin with nano additions (SrTiO3) at various concentrations (0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%), According to (ASTM D412) (American Society for Testing and Materials; 2002), we created specimens measuring 33 mm in length, 3 mm in width, and 6 mm in depth to measure tensile strength, and specimens measuring 40 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm thick, and 6 mm in depth to assess thermal conductivity (Hasan and Ali, 2018; Kamil and Al-Judy, 2018). The statistical analysis of the data was performed using one-way ANOVA and LSD tests. Thermal conductivity tests showed statistically significant differences at all concentrations, with the exception of the range of (0.5%) to (1%), where there was no variation. Conclusion: After strontium titanate (SrTiO3) was added to the denture base material, improvements in concentration-dependent thermal conductivity and tensile strength were observed Material and methods: Heat-curing acrylic denture base material effect on tensile strength and thermal conductivity . In this study, 100 specimens were divided into 2 foremost groups (tensile strength and thermal conductivity ), fifty for each test. 10 only were made according to the percentages of SrTiO3 powder used. Auto CAD 2018 was used to design the specimen form and dimension in order to create plastic patterns for acrylic specimen molds that would meet the test requirements.

Assist. lect.Noor Qasim Rashid (2 Research)

prevalence of HAV IgM marker of Hepatitis A virus among patients of all Ages in Diyala province /lraq
	2024	Academic science Journal
ان العدوى الفيروسية الاكثر انتشارا التي تسبب التهاب الكبد A , والذي لايزال يمثل مشكلة صحية عالمية لكل من الدول المتقدمة والنامية . من خلال حساب معدل HAV IgM الايحابي ,هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى تحديد مدى اتنشار عدوى HAV بين مرضى محافظة ديالى في هذة الدراسة تم جمع ما مجموع 180 عينة دم من المرضى الذين تم تحويلهم الى المستشفى للتشخيص في محافضة ديالى
prevalence of HAV IgM marker of Hepatitis A virus among patients of all Ages in Diyala province /lraq
	2024	Academic science Journal
The most prevalent viral infection that causes hepatitis is hepatitis A virus (HAV), which continues to be a worldwide health issue for both developed and underdeveloped nations. By calculating the rate of HAV IgM positive, the current study sought to determine the prevalence of HAV infections among patients in the province of Diyala. In the present study, a total of 180 blood specimens were collected from patients, who referred to diagnostic individuals in Diyala Province, Iraq from October /2022 till Agust 2023. The presence of HAV in the specimens was investigated using ELISA technique. The results of the current study revealed that the overall positivity rate of HAV IgM was 13.3%. HAV IgM positivity was higher among 1-2 years old group. While, it was insignificantly higher among females compared to males (54.2%). Furthermore, HAV IgM positivity rate was insignificantly higher among Rurales compared to urbans (58.3%, 41.7%). Additionally the results showed that HAV IgM positivity rate among those used unsterilized water (70.8%) was significantly higher than that sterilized water (29.2%). Moreover, the results found that those with un vaccinated with HAV vaccine had significantly higher (79.2%) HAV IgM positivity rate. The present study founded that it is important to increase our knowledge about the frequency of HAV infections among patients and early diagnosis of HAV infections is essential in community for infection control.

Lecturer Dr. Ali Ghazi Hamdi (13 Research)

Immobilization of l-asparaginase on gold nanoparticles for novel drug delivery approach as anti-cancer agent against human breast carcinoma cells
	2020	Journal of Materials Research and Technology
L-asparaginase is an amidohydrolase enzyme that is widely identified as one of the most potential anti cancerous drugs. Nevertheless, this drug is poorly bioavailable and hence its pharmaceutical uses are limited. To improve its bioactivity, L-asparaginase was loaded on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) along with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide that direct the enzyme to targeted cancer cells with aim to enhancing the anticancer efficiency. Successful preparation of GNPs and the conjugate (GNPs-PEG-L-asparaginase-RGD) was verified and delineated by employing UVeVIS spectrophotometer, FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM. UVeVIS spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FE-SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The efficiency of the GNPs and conjugate to target and distribute in MCF-7 cells was evaluated using high fluorescent signals and confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. A variety of parameters were tested to investigate the anticancer potential of each compound toward MCF-7 cells in vitro. The conjugate demonstrated significant antioxidant effects with high tumor targeting efficacy and distribution in MCF-7 cells. It caused a decrease in cell proliferation rate and clonogenicity of MCF-7 cells, while initiating apoptosis and promoting cell cyceffects were coupled with upregulating the pro-apoptotic p53 while downregulating the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, which resulted in an alleviation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and, thereby, the secretion of cytochrome c. The outcomes of the present study propose the high feasibility for further development of the conjugate as a novel agent against cancer cells
Impact of B-Glucan against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma induced renal toxicity in mice
	2023	OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences
everal studies have been focused on identifying alternative medicines for the treatment of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the impact of B-Glucans extract (BG) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) induced toxicity and tissue damage in kidney. A total of 40 mice were assigned randomly to four groups (G1, control; G2, B-Glucans (75 mg/kg bw/day) orally for 2 weeks; G3, EAC and G4, EAC + BG). Current results revealed, EAC induced significant elevation in urea, creatinine, potassium (k+), chloride (Cl-) ions, kidney injury and significant decrease in sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca++) ions when compared to B-glucans and control groups. Conversely, EAC + B-glucans modulate these changes and improved the renal functions and structure. EAC induced renal dysfunction and B-Glucans has the ability to improve renal functions. We can conclude that; BG could be used as an adjuvant therapy for kidney in ascites of hepatocellular carcinoma, Schistosoma and hepatitis
Anti-microbial efficacy of l-glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
	2023	the journal of antibiotics
The aims of this study were isolation-purification and characterization of l-glutaminase from L. gasseri BRLHM clinical isolates and investigation of its efficiency as an antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. The MICs of l-glutaminase and gentamicin reference were evaluated by the well-diffusion method. The biofilm on the IUD contraceptive was visualized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) image analyses. The purified l-glutaminase possessed significant antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa isolates (p < 0.05), and the antibiofilm formation activity of the purified l-glutaminase was stronger than the antibiofilm activity of the referral standard drug, gentamicin (P < 0.05), which were checked by the inhibition of the biofilm formation on the IUD contraceptive device. Investigations indicated that l-glutaminase may have a crucial role in future clinical application

Assistant lecture.Wedyan Yaseen Hasan (5 Research)

Evaluation of the Changes in Some Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
	2024	Osol Journal for Medical Science
Rheumatoid arthritis [RA] is a persistent inflammatory polyarthritis condition characterized by distinct immunological, clinical, genetic, and pathological characteristics, as well as remissions and exacerbations. This study was designed to estimate some Haematological and immunological parameters of Iraqi patients with RA. The data were collected between August 2023 and May 2024 from a total of 60 patients and 30 healthy controls. A serological test was assessed, including erythrocyte precipitation rate, and CRP. Complete blood count was measured using a fully automated quantitative Samsung device. The levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 cytokines were assessed by sandwich ELISA. The result of this study showed that most RA patients were female compared to males. The levels of RF, CRP, and ESR test were significantly higher in patients with RA compared to the control group. RA patients showed statistically significant higher in WBC and Ptt tests while they had lower RBCs, Hb, and RDW compared to controls. When compared to healthy individuals, we observed that patients with RF had greater levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10. RF patients had higher levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 than did healthy people.
Evaluation of Thermal Behaviors and Some Mechanical Properties of Heat Cured Denture Soft Liner Reinforced by Halloysite Nanotubes
	2018	University of Baghdad
Back ground: It is commonly agreed that the commercially available heat-cured acrylic based soft lining material are far from ideal because of low thermal conductivity, poor tear and bonding denture base with the soft lining. Therefore, there is a need to improve such properties of these materials. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of adding different percentages of halloysite nanotubes into acrylic-based heat-cured soft denture lining material on the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and some of mechanical properties including shear bond strength, tear strength, hardness and surface roughness. Materials and methods: Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with concentration of 0%, 0.75% and 1% by weight were incorporated into the soft liner material. Firstly, HNTs powder was dispersed into the monomer of the soft liner by using probe sonication apparatus and then, measured amount of the soft liner's powder blended into this suspension. One hundred and fifty specimens were prepared which were divided into five groups according to the tests to be performed. Each group consists of thirty specimens (10:control, 10: with 0.75% halloysite nanotubes addition and 10 with 1% halloysite nanotubes addition). Scanning electron microscope was used to show the dispersion of halloysite nanotubes within the polyethylmethacrylate soft liner matrix and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis was performed to display the percentages of composite filler of both weight and atoms. To assess the chemical interaction between HNTs and the soft liner, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was applied. X-ray diffractometer was also used to study crystal structures of nanoparticles. Moreover, some of the physical and mechanical properties of the HNTs / soft liner composite were investigated including thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, shear bond strength, tear strength, shore A hardness and surface roughness. The results of this study were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s T3 and Tukey highly significant difference tests at P IV value of > 0.05 was considered statistically non-significant, ≤ 0.05 was considered significant and ≤ 0.01 was considered as highly significant. Results: Addition of 0.75% and 1% of HNTs into PEMA soft liner showed a highly significant increase of thermal conductivity, while a non-significant increase of thermal diffusivity was observed. In addition, the results of shear bond strength after addition of 0.75% HNTs indicates a non-significant increase whereas for 1% recorded a highly significant increase. The results of tear strength (after addition 0.75% of HNTs were significantly increased in comparison to control group while after addition 1% were a highly significant increased). Shore A hardness registered a highly significant increase; yet, the results for surface roughness observed a non-significant change. Conclusion: The addition of HNTs into heat cured acrylic –based soft denture liner material could improve thermal conductivity, shear bond strength and tear strength properties, although thermal diffusivity and surface roughness were not affected as the concentrations of the nanoparticles increases. Yet, the hardness was highly significantly increased.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation the Dimensional Change of Lingual Foramen and Its Canal as Related to Gender and Age in Iraqi Population
	2023	HIV Nursing
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Assist. Lecturer . Aseel Jalil Ibrahim (4 Research)

Assessment of the effects of Alendronate treatment on clinical periodontal parameters in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
	2017	: Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
Osteoporosis and periodontal disease stand for a major health problem principally in aged women with complex as well as recognized bidirectional association. Postmenopausal osteoporosis also known as type I osteoporosis typifies a common illness in womanly patients by the beginning of menopause, owing to estrogen reduction after menopause. Alendronate is a first line drug for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and it is a powerful inhibitor of osteoclast action that diminish bone resorption moreover, it was suggested of having osteo stimulative property in vivo and in vitro as revealed through increase in bone matrix formation. Thus medical management of postmenopausal osteoporosis women with alendronate may well have valuable outcome on periodontal health condition. 1.To estimate and compare the periodontal health status of the study and control groups. 2. To assess the effect of alendronate treatment on clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index(PLI),gingival index(GI),bleeding on probing(BOP),probing pocket depth(PPD),and clinical attachment level(CAL) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.3.To correlate between Alendronate intake duration and clinical periodontal parameters. 90 participants, females only were conscripted in this study with age ranged from (55-65) years old, were divided into three groups, (30 subjects each):first control group systemically healthy with healthy periodontium, second group postmenopausal women with osteoporosis under alendronate treatment for (3-6)months(Alendronate group) ,third group postmenopausal women with osteoporosis only without alendronate treatment(Osteoporosis group), the last two groups were sub divided in to two sub group each one consist of 15 gingivitis and 15 periodontitis . Periodontal health status was determined by clinical periodontal examination of plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis demonstrated the highest median values of all clinical periodontal parameters followed by Alendronate group, then the control group with healthy periodontium and systemically healthy ( except for plaque index with higher value in Alendronate group). total correlation between drug intake duration and clinical periodontal parameters were weak negative non significant with ( BOP, PPD,CAL) except for( PLI , GI) there were strong positive highly significant and weak positive highly significant correlation respectively between them. Patients with osteoporosis had greater periodontal tissue destruction comparing with patients with alendronate treatment with less periodontal tissue destruction. Additionally alendronate treatment may have beneficial outcome on periodontal health status in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and periodontal disease
Effect of Alendronate Treatment on Salivary Levels of Osteoprotegrin and TNF-α in Postmenopausal Woman with Osteoporosis and Periodontal Diseases
	2018	Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry
Background: All diseases concerning bone destruction such as osteoporosis and periodontal diseases share common pattern in which the osteoclast cells are absolutely responsible for bone resorption that occurred when osteoclast activity exceeds osteoblast activity. Osteoprotegrin (OPG) considered as novel soluble decoy receptor known as “bone protector” since it prevents extreme bone resorption through inhibition of differentiation and activity of osteoclast by competing for binding site. It binds to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and prevent its interaction with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), thus inhibits osteoclast formation. TNF-α is a pro-inflammatory cytokines having a broad range of important roles in regulation of immune system and bone resorption through the stimulation of osteoclastogenesis. Alendronate (ALN) diminishes the expression of osteoclast activating factors and cytokines such as RANKL and enhances the production of decoy receptor osteoprotegerin in osteoblast cells. Moreover, it decreases the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α by macrophage, stimulates apoptosis of monocyte-macrophage cell lines derivative and reduces inflammatory response. Aims of the Study: 1. To assess the effect of alendronate treatment on salivary levels of osteoprotegrin and TNF-α in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and periodontal disease 2. To find any possible correlation between salivary levels of osteoprotegrin and TNF-α in control and study groups. Materials and Methods: Total sample of 90 female subjects (55-65 years) were divided into 3 groups, (30 subjects in each group): first control group involved systemically healthy subjects with healthy periodontium, second group involved postmenopausal women with osteoporosis under alendronate treatment for(3-6)months (alendronate group), third group involved postmenopausal women with osteoporosis without alendronate treatment(osteoporosis group). The last two groups were sub- divided in- to two sub –groups (15 subjects in each sub-group) of gingivitis and periodontitis subjects respectively. Salivary samples were collected from all subjects and salivary levels of osteoprotegrin and TNF- α were determined by enzyme –linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Highest median value of salivary (OPG) was found in alendronate group followed by control group while the lowest value was found in osteoporosis group. Highest median value of TNF- α was found in osteoporosis group followed by control group and alendronate group respectively with highly significant differences between them. Spearman correlation between salivary levels of TNF-α and OPG showed non- significant correlation at all subgroups. Conclusion: Subjects with osteoporosis in this study had greater levels of TNF-α and decrease in the level of OPG comparing with patients under alendronate treatment. Alendronate treatment for women with osteoporosis and periodontal disease may have beneficial outcome.
formation associated with Peri-implantitis Effects of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm
	2023	Dentistry 3000
BACKGROUND: One hundred and twenty specimens were collected from pa,ents with Peri-implan,,s in the period from August 2022 un,l September 2022 from Baqub specialized dental center, in the province of Diyala. The goal of this work was to es,mate the frequency of Staphylococcus aureus and their ability to produce biofilms associated with Peri-implan,,s. Also, we aimed to assess the an,-biofilm property of Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid on Staphylococcus aureus. The result showed growth of Staphylococcus aureus in twenty isolates (16.6%), and 95% of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates had the ability to produce biofilms. The results indicate that the minimum inhibitory concentra,on (MIC) of Ciprofloxacin for Staphylococcus aureus was 32 to 512 μg/ml with the sub-MIC 16 to 256 μg/ml. The MIC for Amoxicillin/clavulanic was 8 to 512 μg/ml, and the sub-MIC 4 to 256) μg/ml. Ciprofloxacin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid had the ability to decrease biofilm forma,on and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was more effec,ve than Ciprofloxacin.

Lecturer Dr. Salam N. Jawad (8 Research)

Immunohistochemical Expression of Endocan in Ameloblastoma
		Journal of Baghdad college of dentistry
Background: Ameloblastoma is the most common clinically significant odontogenic tumor, known for its locally invasive potential and frequent recurrences unless treated radically. Endocan is a soluble proteoglycan which is reported to have prognostic implications in multiple human diseases and tumors. This study aims to describe the expression of endocan in ameloblastoma. Materials and methods: With immunoperoxidase method; tissue sections of formalin fixed-paraffin embedded blocks for ameloblastomas were stained with monoclonal antibodies to endocan, the localization of the endocan expression was examined and the resulting scores of the tissue sections were analyzed according to age, sex, site and tumor subtype. Results: endocan was found to be expressed in peripheral and central epithelial cells of ameloblastoma tumor islands and stroma to different extents; a selectively increased expression was noted in epithelial cells with acanthomatous differentiation. Tumor epithelial cells of plexiform subtype tend to have higher expression levels of endocan. However, the associations did not reach statistically significant levels. Conclusions: Endocan is expressed specifically in various populations of tumor epithelial cells and stromal elements of ameloblastoma. The prognostic significance of the expression needs to be clarified in further studies.
Proliferative, apoptotic and angiogenic potentials in jaws and long bones osteosarcomas: a comparative immunohistochemical study
	2010	Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine
Abstract J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39: 681–686 Background: Osteosarcomas (OS) of the jaws are uncommon lesions that represent less than 10% of all skeletal OS. It has a behavioral pattern which is less aggressive than their long bones counterparts. This study performed an immunohistochemical comparison between jaws and long bones OS. Methods: The study involved 15 jaws and 15 long bones OS tissue samples for the period from 1986 to 2005. Age, sex, histologic subtypes and grades were recognized. The samples were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67, P53 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results: The mean age of the patients with jaw OS was a decade higher than that of long bones OS. A slight male predominance in jaw OS was found (1.14:1), which was more pronounced in long bones OS (2:1). The chondroblastic subtype was the predominant in jaws (66.66%), whereas (60%) of long bones OS were of osteoblastic subtype. The Ki-67 labeling index and the VEGF expression were significantly higher in long bones as compared with jaws OS, whereas there was no significant difference regarding the P53 expression between jaws and long bones OS. Conclusions: Jaws and long bones OS bear a comparable cell cycle dysregulation when quantified with P53 immunostaining, whereas the long bones OS have a higher proliferative and angiogenic capacity than their jaw counterparts when evaluated with Ki-67 and VEGF immunoexpressions respectively.
Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in jaws and long bones osteosarcomas
	2011	Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) are a class of matrix basement membrane degrading enzymes which were shown to be associated with metastases in several human tumors. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed to investigate the potential effect of MMP-9 in imparting the frequently reported different behavioral pattern between jaws and long bones osteosarcomas. METHODS: Tissue blocks of ten cases of jaws osteosarcomas and another ten of long bones osteosarcomas were collected and stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to MMP-9. RESULTS: The majority of cases (70%) were positive for MMP-9 expression which indicates a role in tumor spread, however; there was no significant difference between the sites. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that MMP-9 is probably not involved in the biologic differences between jaws and long bones osteosarcomas. KEYWORDS: jaw osteosarcoma, matrixmetalloproteinase-9

Widyan Abbas Ahmed (2 Research)

The effect of Bisoctrizole on the UV absorption properties of silicone and its effect on surface roughness
	2024	Indian journal of dental research
Background: Premature degradation is the problem of maxillofacial silicones, significantly affected by ultraviolet exposure, contributing to silicones photodegradation. Degradation necessitates frequent replacement of prostheses that increase the total cost of rehabilitation. Aims: This study evaluated the effect of bisoctrizole on the ultraviolet absorption properties of silicone material and the stability of this absorption over time. Also, the bisoctrizole effect on the surface roughness of silicone was evaluated. Methods: There were 60 prepared specimens of room temperature-vulcanising maxillofacial silicone equally divided into two groups according to the conducted tests: ultraviolet absorption test and the surface roughness test. Each group was further subdivided into groups of 10 specimens based on the weight concentration of the ultraviolet (UV) absorber added: 0%, 1% and 2%. The UV absorbance of coloured specimens was measured before and after artificial weathering for 100 and 200 hours. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for UV absorption results, and one-way ANOVA was applied for the roughness test results to test the changing significances. Result: Bisoctrizole incorporation led to a highly significant improvement in ultraviolet absorption in all groups, maintaining a high level even after subjecting the specimens to artificial weathering. Furthermore, the addition resulted in a significant increase in surface roughness as the concentration of bisoctrizole increased. Conclusion: Despite the surface roughness changes, bisoctrizole demonstrated efficacy as a UV absorber for maxillofacial silicone, making it valuable for applications such as maxillofacial prosthetics that require UV protection.
Enhancing Photostability of Maxillofacial Silicone by the Addition of Ultraviolet Absorbing Bisoctrizole (A Review of Literature)
	2024	Misan Journal of Academic Studies(MJAS)
Abstract: This literature review emphasizes the impact of UV light on the deterioration of silicone used in maxillofacial prosthetics. Over time, the physical and mechanical properties of silicone degrade due to photodegradation. To tackle this issue, the study explores the use of Bisoctrizole, a photostable filler that effectively absorbs a wide range of harmful UV rays. By incorporating Bisoctrizole as a UV stabilizer, the longevity of maxillofacial silicone material can be extended, enhancing its resistance to photo-degradation. The review underscores the importance of including UV stabilizers, specifically benzotriazole components like Bisoctrizole, in silicone materials used for maxillofacial prosthetics.

Ali Sa'ad Abu Naila (3 Research)

The effect of cyclic immersion in cola drinks on the surface microhardness and surface roughness of different composite resin filling materials
	2010	كلية طب الاسنان /جامعة بغداد
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two types of cola drinks (Regular and Diet) on the surface microhardness and surface roughness of three types of composite resins; Filtek P60 (Packable composite), Tetric-N-Ceram (Nanohybrid composite) and Swisstec (Conventional composite) in which composite samples were alternately immersed manually, 5 seconds each, in cola drink and artificial saliva for 10 cycles at room temperature which repeated three times a day (8am,4pm,12am) at 8hours intervals for one week. Total numbers of (180) samples were prepared, (60) samples for each type of composite, were divided into two main groups (30) subjected for microhardness test (by Vickers hardness tester) and (30) subjected to surface roughness test (by profilometer). For each type of composite resin group, the (30) samples were subdivided as follows: - Group (1): Ten samples were immersed in regular Pepsi cola. Group (2): Ten samples were immersed in diet Pepsi cola drink. Group (3): Ten samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The results revealed that cola drinks showed reduction in means VHN (Vickers hardness number) values and increasing in means Ra (Roughness average) values for all types of composites for all groups. Filtek P60 (packable) composite resin had the highest VHN values followed by Tetric-n-Ceram (nanohybrid) composite and Swisstec (conventional) composite respectively. Surface microhardness results showed that cola drinks affect the Filtek P60 (packable) composite resin significantly while their effect was with high significant difference for Swisstec (conventional) composite and Tetric-n-Ceram (nanohybrid) composite resin, so the influence of cola drinks was material dependent. Diet Pepsi cola showed reduction in means VHN values and increasing in means of Ra values for all types of composites for all groups more than regular Pepsi cola. The neutralizable acidity results revealed that regular Pepsi need lesser amount of NaOH to reach the neutrality than diet Pepsi in spite of the acidity of regular Pepsi is more than diet Pepsi. Tetric-n-Ceram (nanohybrid) composite had the lowest (Ra) values (lowest roughness) followed by Filtek P60 (packable) composite and Swisstec (conventional) composite respectively. Surface roughness results showed that Filtek P60 (packable) composite resin affected non significantly in regular Pepsi and significantly in diet Pepsi, while Tetric-n-Ceram (nanohybrid) composite and Swisstec (conventional) composite showed a high significant difference in both cola drinks, so the influence of cola drinks were material dependent. All types of composites tested in this study showed reduction in VHN values and increasing in means of Ra values after 7 days of immersion in artificial saliva, but the effect was a non-significant.
Amount of apically extruded debris of three different rotary instruments with design modification
	2022	International Journal of Health Sciences
To determine the amount of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation with of DentsplyProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Gold (PTG), and ProTaper Next (PTN) nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary files was evaluated in comparision with simulated files with same design and our study design. Methods: For PTU and PTG study design modification is to leave the apical 8 mm of S1 and the apical 3 mm of S2 as un-milled, F1 only the apical 5 mm would have cutting blades. For PTN is to leave the apical 8 mm of X1and, while for X2 is to leave the coronal 8 mm as un-milled. Ninety human mandibular second premolar teeth were decoronated to a 15mm length, an apparatus with minor modifications of the Myers and Montgomery experimental model was used, after canal preparation was stored in an incubator in order for water evaporation leaving only the extruded debris, then the vials were transmitted to the electrical balance for re-weighing. Conclusions: Leaving the portion of the file which supposes not to make canal preparation blank (without flutes) decreases the amount of debris extrusion in all protaper systems.
Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Three Different Rotary Endodontic Instruments with Design Modification
	2022	Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science
Background: CF (Cyclic Fatigue) resistance of Dentsply Pro Taper Universal (PTU), Pro Taper Gold (PTG), and Pro Taper Next (PTN) nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary ϔles was evaluated in comparision with simulated ϔles with same design and our study design. Methods: For PTU and PTG study design modϔcton is to leave the apical 8 mm of S1 and the apical 3 mm of S2 as unmilled, F1 only the apical 5 mm would have cutting blades. For PTN is to leave the apical 8 mm of X1 and, while for X2 is to leave the coronal 8 mm as un-milled. Ten instruments for each ϔle (S1, S2, F1, X1 and X2); total 240 ϔles (80 pieces for Dentsply, 80 pcs for simulated and 80 pieces for study design), ϔles rotated in simulated canal until fracture. Conclusion: PTG instruments were most resistant to CF, followed by PTN and PTU. S1 and S2 ϔles making the non-active part plane will increase CF resistance while for F1 ϔles will decrease CF resistance. For PTN ϔles groups, for X1 ϔles making the non-active part plane will increase CF resistance while for X2 ϔles will decrease CF resistance.

Research Collage of Dentistry